‘Cells as tools’ to ‘Cell-s produced tools’ - An evolving paradigm in Regenerative Medicine

Internal milieu or niche of biological mechanisms on how reparative solutions take shape to control a damage as well as repair the damages caused in any organ within mammalian body are not fully known. Recent data in the evolving era of regenerative medicine in which, cells, stem cells and adult cells have been used as tools to repair, restore, rejuvenate or regenerate the lost/damaged/dysfunctional cells, tissues and organs indicate that there could be several means with which such regenerative medicine based applications work viz, fusion, differentiation, transdifferentiation and paracrine; whilst the paracrine mechanisms are numerous in which several cell produced factors, some are seemingly known while many yet to be explored. This phenomena might look something new, but a careful analysis of literature doesn’t say so. Embryo culture supernatant has been used clinically for improving embryo implantation rates in in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures from 2007. This procedure of injecting embryo culture supernatant (ECS) into the uterus before blastocyst transfer (BT) has been reported to improve implantation and pregnancy rates in different randomized clinical trials. Conditioned Media (CM) obtained by culturing cells and stem cells form another avenue of cell-free regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived CM (MSC-CM) have been reported to have potential for cell-free regeneration of bone. CM from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) applied in pilot human clinical studies for hair regeneration and human exfoliated deciduous teeth-CM has been used for bone regeneration around teeth implants in in vivo experiments form some of such clinical applications using CM.